Đề cương ôn tập tiếng Anh 9 năm học 2009 - 2010

 ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP TIẾNG ANH 9 Năm học 2009 - 2010
 CHƯƠNG 1: CÁC THÌ TRONG TIẾNG ANH
1.Thì hiện tại đơn
a.Với động từ Tobe:
He/ She /It /Mai is : 
They / You/ We / Mai and Lan are :
 I am :
* form. (+) S + Be {+ adj (N)/} = C (Complement) bổ ngữ *eg: "I am a good teacher 
 (-) S + Be + not + C "He is not a student 
 (?) Be + S + adj " Are they tall ?
b. Với động từ thường:
* form. (+) He/ She/ It + V- s/es + O. * eg: " He watches TV every night.
 (+) You/ We/ They / I + Vinf + O " They watch TV
Câu phủ định và nghi vấn ta phải mượn trợ động từ do/does 
 (-) He/ She/ It /Nam + does + not + V- inf + O " She does not watch TV
 (-) You/ We / They / I + do + not + V- inf + O
 (?) Does + He/ She/ It + V- inf + O ? " Do you watch TV?
 (?) Do + They / You/ We + V- inf + O ? 
c. Cách dùng : Diễn tả một hành động:- thường xuyên xảy ra- hành động lặp đi lặp lại
 Các trạng từ thường xuyên đi với thì hiên tại đơn (Adv)
 never,often, usually, frequently, always, sometimes, every (day/week/night/month)
Trạng từ chỉ sự thường xuyên luôn đi trước động từ thường, nhưng đi sau động từ TO BE và các trợ động từ
* eg: He always watches TV every night.
 They often watch TV 
 She does usually not watch TV
 Do you often watch TV?
* eg: Nam is often late for class.
- Một sự thật hiển nhiên.
* eg: The Earth goes around the Sun. (Trái đất quay quanh mặt trời)
2.Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn.
* form: (+) S + Be + V-ing + O (Be = am/are/is)
 (-) S + Be + not + V-ing + O
 (?) Be + S + V-ing + O
* Adv : now, at the moment, at present, right now
* eg: Nam is reading book now
 Nam and Lan are listening to music at this moment.
 What are you doing now ?
* Cách dùng: 
Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra tại thời điểm nói
3.Thì hiện tại hoành thành.
* form: (+) S + has / have + V- ed (pp) + O
 (-) S + has /have + not + V- ed (pp) + O
 (?) Has / have + S + V- ed (pp) + O ?
PP = Past Participle Quá khứ phân từ QTắc V-ed : BQT xem cột 3 (V3)
*Adv: just, recently, ever, never, already, since, for, so far, yet, up to now, lately, twice, three times, many times,. notyet.
eg: I have just seen my sister in the park. Note: (just,ever, never, already) đi sau have/has
 She has finished her homework recently. ( recently,lately,yet) đặt cuối câu.
*Cách dùng:
Diễn tả một hành động vừa mới xảy ra
Hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ mà không rõ thời gian
Hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và còn liên quan đến hiện tại còn tiếp diễn đến tương lai.
Hành động xảy ra lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần 
4Thì quá khứ đơn
a.Với động từ Tobe:
 * I/ He / She / It (Nam) Was *eg: Nam was absent from class yesterday
 * You / We / They (Nam and Lan) Were " Were Minh and Mai in hospital last month? 
b.Với động từ đơn:
*form: (+) S + V- ed/(V2 BQT) + O *eg: Tom went to Paris last summer.
 Câu phủ định và nghi vấn ta phải mượn trợ động từ did
 (-) S + did not + Vinf + O " He did not watch TV last night.
 (?) Did + S + Vinf + O ?	" Did you go to HCM city two days ago?
Adv: Yesterday, ago, last (week/month/ year/  )
 c.Cách dùng :
Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ và chấm dứt hẵn trong QK
5.Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
 * form (+) S + Was/ were + V- ing + O
 (-) S + Was/ were + not + V- ing + O
 (?) Was/ were + S + V- ing + O?
Cách dùng :
Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứ tại 1 thời điểm xác định cụ thể.
=> I was doing my homework at 6 p.m last Sunday.
Diễn tả hai hay nhiều hành động cùng xảy ra trong quá khứ. (While)
=> I was cooking while my sister was washing the dishes.
Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra thì một hành động khác đến cắt ngang.(When)
=> When the teacher came, we were singing a song.
6.Thì quá khứ hoàn thành.
 * form : (+) S + had + V- ed (pp)/ V3BQT + O. 
 (-) S + had + not + V- ed (pp)/ V3BQT + O.
 (?) Had + S + V- ed (pp)/ V3BQT + O.?
* eg: We had lived in Hue before 1975.
 After the children had finished their homework, they went to bed.
 = Before the children went to bed, they had finished their homework
*Cách dùng:
- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và đã hoàn thành trong quá khứ.
(- Trong câu có hai hành động thì hành động xảy ra trước dùng ở quá khứ hoàn thành còn hành động sau dùng thì quá khứ đơn )
7. Thì tương lai thường.
 * form : (+) S + Will + Vinf + O. (He will = He’ll) * eg: I will call you tomorrow.
 (-) S + Will + not + V + O (will not = won’t) " He’ll come back next week.
 (?) Will + S + Vinf + O ? " Will Nam play soccer?
*Adv. Tomorrow, next (week/ month ), soon 
*Cách dùng :
Diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai. 
8. Thì tương có dự định.(Be going to)
* form: (+) She / He / It + is + going to + V(inf) + O.
 (-) They / You / We + are + going to + V(inf) +O.
 (?) I + am + going to + V(inf) + O.
*eg: My father is going to go to visit Ha long Bay .= My father is going to visit Ha long Bay.
We aren’t going to the movies.
Are you going to write a letter ?
* Cách dùng :
 - Diễn tả hành động sắp sửa xảy ra hoặc một dự định sắp tới. Một dự định, kế hoạch 
9. Bài tập .
A. Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì thích hợp.
1.Be quiet ! The baby ( sleep) 
2. The sun ( set) in the West.
3.Mr Green always ( go) to work by bus.
4. It ( not rain ) in the dry season.
5. They ( have ) lunch in the cafeteria now.
6. My little sister ( drink) milk every day.
7. The doctor sometimes ( return) home late.
8. He ( write) a long novel at present.
9. Look ! The bus ( come).
10. The earth (move) around the sun.
11.Sometime ( smell) good in the kitchen now.
12.His uncle ( teach) English in our school five years ago.
13. The old man( fall) as he (get) into the bus.
14. When I saw him, he (sit) asleep in a chair.
15. There (be) a lot of noise at the fair yesterday.
16. It (take) me 5 minutes to walk to school last year.
17.They ( not speak) to each other since they quaralled
18. I (try) to learn English for years, but I ( not succeed) yet
19.I (not see) her since last week.
20. John( do) his homework already.
21.The train (start) before we arrived at the station.
22. There (be) an English class in this room tomorrow evening.
23. The film already (begin) when we got to the cinema.
24. You (stay) at home tonight?
25.I( be) twenty years old next June.
26.Where are you?- I’m upstairs. I (have) a bath.
27.All of them (sing) when I( came).
28.What you( do) at 7 p.m yesterday?
29. Where you ( spend) your holiday last year?
30. Why didn’t you listen while I (speak) to you? 
II. Chia động từ trong ngoặc
1.A: I ( not see) Andrew for weeks.
 B: Nor me, It’s weeks since I last .( see) him.
2.A: What( you/do) last night?
 B: Well, I ..( be) very tired, so I ..( go) to bed very early.
3.A: .( you/ meet) Julie recently?
 B: Yes, I .(see) her a few days ago.
4. A: Are you still playing tennis?
 B: No, I ..( not be) able to play tennis since I (break) my arm.
5. A: What part of birmingham. ( you/live) when you ..(be) a student?
 B: A place called Selly Oak ( you/ever/be) there?
Keys
I
1.is sleeping 2. sets
3. goes 4. does not rain
5. are having 6. drinks
7. returns 8. is writing
9. is coming 10. moves
11. smells 12. taught
13. fell / got 14. was sitting
15. was 16. took
17. have n’t spoken 18. have tries 
19.have not seen 20.has done
21.had started 22. will be
23.had already begun 24. will you
25. will be 26. am having
27. were singing 28. were . doing
29. did .. spend 30. was speaking
II.
haven’t seen – saw
did you do – was – went
have you met – saw
haven’t been – broke
did you live- were – have you ever been
CHƯƠNG 2: CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
I. Lý thuyết.
 - Một câu điều kiện thường có hai mệnh đề là mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề phụ(If) . Mệnh đề phụ (If)có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính.
 - Có 3 loại câu điều kiện:
 1.Câu điều kiện 1: điều kiện có thể xảy ra .
MỆNH ĐỀ IF
MỆNH ĐỀ CHÍNH
Simple present( HTđ) 
 Simple future( TLđ)
If + S + V(HT) +O , 
S + Will/ Shall + V(inf) + O
 * form: 
* eg: If I have time, I shall visit you.
 John usually walks to school if he has enough time.
 If she eats much, she will be over weight.
 2. Câu điều kiện 2 : điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại.
 * form : 
MỆNH ĐỀ IF
MỆNH ĐỀ CHÍNH
Past simple (QKĐ) ,
would/could/ should/ might + Vinf
 If + S + V–ed (V2) + O,
S + would/ could + V(inf) + O 
*Note: Tobe dùng Were cho tất cả các ngôi ( trong Mệnh đề If)
* eg: If I had much money , I would buy a new bicycle.
 If you practised English every day , you could speak it fluently.
 If I were you, I would not tell him about that.
3. Câu điều kiện 3: điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ. (Học ở lớp 10,11,12)
 * form: 
MỆNH ĐỀ IF
MỆNH ĐỀ CHÍNH
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành 
would, could, might + have +PP
If + S + had + V-ed(V3) + O,
S + would/ could + have + V-ed(V3) + O
 * Eg: If he had driven more carefully, he could have had fewer accidents.
Note: Unless = ifnot ( nếu không, trừ khi )
Eg: Unless it rains, we will go to the movies.
= ( If it does not rain , we will go to the movies) 
Bảng tóm tắt câu điều kiện.
Loại
Mệnh đề phụ(IF)
 Mệnh đề chính
1
 V(HTĐ)
Be (is/am/are)
 Đt thường V inf/ V(s/ es)
 Will
 Can + V (inf)
 Shall
 May
2
Quá khứ đơn (bàng thái)
 Be " WERE 
Đt thường V- ed /( V2)BQT
 Could
 Would + V (inf)
 Should
 Might
3
QKHT (bàng thái)
 Had + V- ed(V3) BQT
 Could
 Would + have + V- ed( pp)
 Should
II. Bài tập. 
A.Chia động từ trong ngoặc.
1.If you ( go) __________away, please write to me.
2. If you ( be)__________ in, I should have given it to you.
3. If he (eat) __________another cake, he will be sick.
4. I ( not do ) __________ that if I (be) __________you.
5. If he (take) __________my advice, everything can go well.
6. I would have come sooner if I ( know)__________ you were here.
7. He never does homework. If he ( do)__________ his homework, he (not worry)__________ about his exam.
8.It’s too bad we lost the game. If you (play)__________ for us, we( win)__________.
9.What you (do) __________if she refuses your invitation?
10. If today (be)  ... he weather gets,(sicker/the sicker) I feel.
II.Dùng hình thức đúng của tính từ/ trạng từ trong ngoặc.
1.Mary is (pretty) as her sister.
2. A new house is (expensive) than an old one.
3. His job is( important) than mine.
4. Of the four ties, I like the red one(well).
5. Nobody is (happy) than Miss Snow.
6.Today English is the ( international) of languages.
7.Jonh is much( strong) than I thought.
8. Benches are ( comfortable) than arm- chairs.
9. Bill is (good) than you thought.
10.Mr Bush is the (delightful) person I have ever known.
11.Dick is the ( careful) of the three workers.
12.Is the book( interesting) than the one you read last week?
13. Gold is ( precious) than iron.
14.The weather today is ( warm) than the weather yesterday.
15.This film is not (good) as the one we saw last week.
16.Holidays are( pleasant) than working days.
17.Which is ( high) mountain in your country?
18. A house is ( strong) than a dog.
19. Robert is ( fat) than his brother.
20.The Pacific is ( large) ocean in the world.
III. Viết lại câu sau, bắt đầu bằng các từ cho sẵn.
 1.Yesterday the temperature was nine degrees. Today it’s only six degrees.
 => It’s .
2.The journey takes four hours by car and five hours by train.
=>It takes.
3. We were very busy at work today. We are not as busy as that every day.
=> We
4. Jane cooks better than her sister.
=> Jane’s sister.
5.Tom is the best football player in this team.
=> Nobody in this team..
Keys
I.
1.best
2.happiest
3.faster
4. more colourful
5. better
6. good
7.least
8. prettier
9. the better
10.the sicker
II.
1.as pretty 11. most careful
2. more expensive 12. more interesting 
3. more important 13.more precious
4. best 14.warm 
5. happier 15.so good 
6. most international 16.more pleasant 
7.stronger 17.the highest 
8.more comfortable 18. stronger 
9. better 19. fatter 
10. most delightful 20.the largest
III.
1.It’s colder today than it was yesterday.
2. It takes more time to travel by train than by car.
3.We were busier at work today than usual.
4. Jane’s sister doesn’t cook as well as Jane.
5 Nobody in this team plays football as well as Tom.
CHƯƠNG 9: SO THAT & SUCH THAT.
Lý thuyết.
So that : quá đến nỗi
Bắt đầu cho một mệnh đề phụ chỉ kết quả.
* form: So + adj/adv + that- clause
*eg: The weather is so bad that I have to stay at home.
 He spoke so fast that I didn’t understand him.
*note: muốn diễn tả ý nghĩa” quá nhiều  đến nỗi” ta dùng:
 So many + danh từ đếm được, số nhiều + that – clause
 So much + danh từ không đếm được,số ít + that – clause
*eg: He was so many books that he can’t read all of them.
 There was so much noise that I couldn’t sleep.
Such that : quá  đến nỗi.
Cũng bắt đầu cho một mệnh đề phụ chỉ kết quả. Tuy nhiên Such that được dùng với một danh từ thường có tính từ bổ nghĩa đứng trước.
*form: such + (a/an) + adj + noun + that – clause
*eg: She is such a beautiful girl that everybody admires her
 It was such hot tea that I couldn’t drink it.
 They are such interesting books that we want to look at them again.
B.Bài tập.
Kết hợp mỗi cặp câu sau, dùng “ so that” hoặc “ such that”
1.My friend is too sick. He can’t go to school.
2.The food was very good. We finished it up just a few minutes.
3.New York was a very big city. Jane was lost in it.
4.My neighbours are very bad persons. They made noise all day.
5. She bought too many things. She couldn’t bring them home at a time.
6.She is quite poor. She can’t buy bicycle.
7. He gave us very good advice. All of us are thankful to him.
8.There is too much furniture in the room. We don’t have enough space for the meeting.
9.Lan was very busy. She couldn’t go to the movies with us.
10. Mr Green drank too much wine. He got sick.
Keys
1.My friend is so sick that he can’t go to school.
2.The food was so good that we finished it up in just a few minutes.
3.New York was such a big city that Jane was lost in it.
4. My neighbours are such bad persons that they made noise all day.
5. She bought so many things that she couldn’t bring them home at a time.
6.She is so poor that she can’t buy a bicycle.
7. He gave us such good advice that all of us are thankful to him.
8. There is so much furniture in the room that we don’t have enough space for the meeting.
9. Lan was so busy that she couldn’t go to movies with us.
10. Mr Green drank so much wine that he got sick.
CHƯƠNG 10.“ TOO ..TO” OR “ENOUGH TO”
 Lý thuyết.
I.Too .to : quá không thể.
Được dùng để chỉ một nguyên nhân đưa tới một kết quả phủ định.
*form: Too + adj/adv + to –inf
*eg: He is too young to go to school.
 She ran too slowly to catch the train.
Nếu động từ theo sau diễn tả một sự việc được thực hiện bởi một chủ ngữ khác với chủ ngữ của động từ đi trước thì ta dùng:
*form: Too + adj/adv + for + somebody + to –inf
*eg : The questions are too difficult for us to answer.
 The box was too heavy for the children to carry.
II.Enough to : đủ để có thể.
Được dùng để chỉ một nguyên nhân đưa tới một kết quả tất nhiên.
*form: adj/adv + enough + to – inf
*eg: He is sick enough to need a doctor.
 The policeman ran fast enough to catch the thief.
Nếu động từ theo sau diễn tả một sự việc được thực hiện bởi chủ ngữ khác với chủ ngữ của động từ đi trước thì ta dùng :
*form: adj/ adv + enough + for + somebody + to – inf
*eg:The exercises are easy enough for you to do.
 He spoke English slowly enough for us to understand.
B.Bài tập.
I.Kết hợp các câu sau dùng “too  to” hoặc “enough to”
1. These oranges are ripe. You can eat them.
2.He is strong. He can carry this table.
3. The house is large. My family can live in it.
4.It was very late. They didn’t go to the party.
5.The dress is so dirty. She can’t wear it.
6.She is tall. She can reach the top shelf.
7.Mr Brown isn’t rich. He can’t buy car.
8.My grandmother is very weak. She can’t lift the box.
9.The film is very good. The children won’t miss it.
10. Those shoes are large. You can wear them. 
 II. Kết hợp câu dùng “  too + adj + for + + to – inf”
. 1.The child can’t drink this milk. It’s too hot.
 2.We can’t lift this weight. It’s too heavy.
 3. They can’t push the piano through that door, it’s too narrow.
 4.You can’t hang the picture on that wall. It’s too small.
 5. She can’t watch this program. It’s too boring.
 III. Nối câu dùng “ adj + enough + (for) + to – inf”.
 1.You shouldn’t wear this coat in winter. It’s not warm enough.
 2.Don’t stand on that chair. It’s not strong enough.
 3. You can’t sleep in this bed. It’s not wide enough for you two.
 4. I couldn’t make coffee for everyone. There weren’t enough cups.
 5. He didn’t finish the examination. He didn’t have enough time.
Keys
I.
1. These oranges are ripe enough for you to eat.
2. He is strong enough to carry this table.
3.The house is large enough for my family to live in.
4.It was too late for them to go to the party.
5. The dress is too dirty for her to wear.
6.She is tall enough to reach the top shelf.
7. Mr Brown isn’t rich enough to buy a car.
8. My grandmother is too weak to lift the box.
9.The film is too good for the children to miss.
10. Those shoes are large enough for you to wear.
II.
1.This milk is too hot for child to drink.
2. This weight is too heavy for us to lift.
3. That door is too narrow for them to push the piano through.
4. That wall is too small for you to hang the picture on.
5.This program is too boring for her to watch.
III.
1.This coat is not warm enough for you to wear in the winter.
2. That chair is not strong enough ( for you) to stand on.
3. This bed is not wide enough for you to sleep in.
4. There weren’t enough cups for me to make coffee for everyone.
5. He didn’t have enough time to finish the examination.
 CÁC CẤU TRÚC CÂU THƯỜNG GẶP
1.Suggest( đề nghị ai làm việc gì)
 S + suggest + V-ing + O
Eg: I suggest learning English.
 S + suggest + that + S + should + V- inf
Eg: I suggest that we should save energy.
2.Sau giới từ động từ phải thêm đuôi Ing
 On/in/of/by + V- ing
Eg: We can save reduce garbage by collecting plastic bags.
3.Các liên từ:
A,Mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân : Because, as, since, for, now that – bởi vì
Eg:They can’t go out because it’s very cold outside.
note: For : luôn đứng sau mệnh đề chính
eg: The old man gets tired for he walks a long way.
B, Mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ: Although, even though, though- mặc dù
Eg: Although it’s raining, Peter goes to the fields.
* note: Nếu mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ đứng trước, phải có dấu phẩy
 Peter goes to the fields although it’s raining.
-Despite
-In spite of + V-ing/ noun phrase.
Eg: Despite working hard, he can’t support his large family.
 Athough he works hard, he can’t support his large family. 
4.Mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ nguyên nhân.
 Because of
 Due to ( bởi vì) + noun/ gerund phrase
 Owing to
Eg: She got ill because he worked hard
 She got ill because of working hard.
 Tom didn’t go to the movies due to having seen the film.
* Sự khác nhau giữa Because & Because of:
 *, .because + pronoun/ noun + be + adj
 *,..because of + poss/the + adj + noun ( tính từ sở hữu)
Eg: This man can’t see well because he’s old
 This man can’t see well because of his old age.
5.Từ nối : (Liên từ)
- And( và): dùng thêm thông tin
Eg:His father is a doctor and he works in hospital.
-or( hoặc): diễn tả sự lựa chọn.
Eg: Do you study Maths or Chemistry?
-But(nhưng): nối hai ý tương phản nhau.
Eg: He is fat but his brother isn’t.
-So(do đó, vì thế): diễn tả hậu quả.
Eg: He is busy, so he can’t help you.
Therefore(do đó) đồng nghĩa với So, chỉ hậu quả.
Eg: He is busy; therefore he can’t help you.
*Khác với So: Therefore - có thể theo sau dấu phẩy(,) dấu chấm phẩy(;) hoặc dấu chấm câu(.)
- However(Tuy nhiên): diễn tả sự tương phản, đồng nghĩa với But, nhưng luôn nối liền hai mệnh đề.
Eg: He’s over seventy; however, he’s still active.
 It’s raining hard; the game is, however, going on.
_The end_